T E R 1 = number of statements executed by the test data total number of executable statements, The Computer Journal 22(1):53-56, 1979
The most basic metric is the proportion of statements executed, Test Effectiveness Ratio 1 (TER1): Test effectiveness ratio Ĭoverage analysis metrics are used to gauge how much testing has been achieved. (A basic block to which such a control flow jump can be made is referred to as a target of the jump.)Īccording to Jorgensen's 2013 textbook, outside Great Britain and ISTQB literature, the same notion is called DD-path.
#Linear sequences code
, q, of a code unit, followed by a control flow jump either out of the code or to a basic block numbered r, where r≠( q+1), and either p=1 or there exists a control flow jump to block p from some other block in the unit. The formal definition of a LCSAJ can be given in terms of basic blocks as follows: Ī sequence of one or more consecutively numbered basic blocks, p, ( p+1). According to a monograph from 1986, LCSAJs were typically four times larger than basic blocks. In particular, conditional jumps generate overlapping LCSAJs: one which runs through to where the condition evaluates to false and another that ends at the jump when the condition evaluates to true (the example given further below in this article illustrates such an occurrence). Unlike (maximal) basic blocks, LCSAJs can overlap with each other because a jump (out) may occur in the middle of an LCSAJ, while it isn't allowed in the middle of a basic block. the target line to which control flow is transferred at the end of the linear sequence.the start of the linear sequence of executable statements.
#Linear sequences software
Definition and characteristics of LCSAJ as a code region Īn LCSAJ is a software code path fragment consisting of a sequence of code (a linear code sequence) followed by a control flow Jump, and consists of the following three items: It has also been called Liverpool's Contribution to Silly Acronyms and Jokes. Introduced in 1976, the LCSAJ is now also referred to as the jump-to-jump path (JJ-path). Professor Hennell later founded the Liverpool Data Research Associates (LDRA) company to commercialize the software test-bed produced for this work, resulting in the LDRA Testbed product. The LCSAJ analysis method was devised by Professor Michael Hennell in order to perform quality assessments on the mathematical libraries on which his nuclear physics research at the University of Liverpool depended. 2 Definition and characteristics of LCSAJ as a code region.With an estimated 7 million specimens to move, this will be a gargantuan logistical operation that is expected to take two to three years!. The Herbarium at Kew will be re-organised to reflect the APG III classification. In a third paper, other scientific colleagues provide a linear sequence to lycophytes and ferns. A second paper gives a new classification and linear sequence for gymnosperms.
The paper also provides synonyms of the orders and families recognised by the APG III classification. to accompany the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III (APG III) classification in 2009.
One paper updates the linear sequence for flowering plants originally constructed by Haston et al. Recommended linear sequences have been published in a special, open-access issue of the journal Phytotaxa, edited by Maarten Christenhusz (Finnish Museum of Natural History), Mark Chase and Mike Fay (Kew). Botanists at Kew have been collaborating with colleagues from Cornell University, the Finnish Museum of Natural History and the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh to construct new linear sequences for seed plants based on the current understanding of relationships gained through molecular phylogenetics. However, our understanding of the relationships between families has changed in recent years and many systems no longer represent this in the best way. Various linear sequences of plant families have been proposed, and a range of systems are in use. Curators need an agreed linear sequence to order their collections in a way that represents the phylogenetic classification. along shelves or in cupboards) so the branching nature of phylogenetic trees creates a problem for curators who wish to arrange collections in a manner that reflects the patterns of evolution rather than, for example, alphabetical order. Specimen collections need to be arranged in a linear order (e.g. Biologists use classifications that reflect the evolutionary relationships between organisms, and base them on phylogenetic trees that are often branched. Classification systems are needed to organize our knowledge of the natural world and aid communication.